Measurement Equipment
Manufacturer & Model | |
Chronos 1.4 High Speed Camera, Kron Technologies | |
Highlight | |
High speed imaging in the visible wavelength range | |
Key Features | |
Dimension | 155 x 96 x 67.3 mm |
Array type | 1280 x 1024 @ 1,069 fps with 6.6 µm pitch |
Speed | 1.4 Gpx/s |
ADC | 10-bits |
Technical descriptionThe Chronos 1.4 High Speed Camera is a simple handheld camera with different trigger options. It is compact and lightweight (1.06 kg) for easy off-axis monitoring of the process. At full resolution it allows 1.069 fps. At reduced resolution up to 40.413 fps are possible. |
Manufacturer & Model | |
ImageIR 8300, Infratec | |
Highlight | |
Time or event-controlled recordings | |
High-precision & repeatable data recording | |
Configurable I/O for digital control signals | |
Key Features | |
Array type | 640 x 512 CMOS |
Temperature range | -10 to 1500 °C |
Lens | Close-up for telephoto lens |
Spatial resolution | 48x38 mm with 75 µm/pixel |
Frame rate | up to 200 Hz (full image), and up to 5000 Hz (partial image) |
Soectral range | 1.5 to 5.7 µm |
Technical descriptionInfrared thermography is essential for monitoring laser sintering, an additive manufacturing process that uses lasers to fuse polymeric material. At the Professorship of Laser-based Additive Manufacturing, we use the ImageIR 8300 camera to track melt temperatures during processing. The camera captures temperature data at 200 Hz and is protected from CO2 laser reflections by a sapphire glass window. We developed a software tool that automatically extracts key features from each pixel's thermal signal and visualizes them as peak temperatures during laser exposure as 3D digital twin. Our advanced data processing not only denoises the thermal signal, but also compresses the final data sets down to 1% of the raw data file size. |
Manufacturer & Model | |
CMS InShaPe Camera, Silios | |
CMS-S Camera, Silios | |
Highlight | |
Absolute temperature measuement of the melt pool | |
Key Features | |
Dimension | 56 x 56 x 22 mm |
Array Type | 1280 x 1024 CMOS with 5.3 µm pitch |
Spectral band | 640-940 nm, 9 channels (CMS InShaPe) 650-930 nm, 8+ND channels (CMS-S) |
ADC | 10-bits |
Frame Rate | up to 60 Hz |
Technical descriptionThe Multispectral Imaging (MSI) cameras CMS InShaPe and CMS-S are integrated into the off and co-axial system to monitor the absolute temperature of the melt pool during the PBF-LB/M process. Each MSI camera utilizes a 3x3 pixelated filter matrix to record melt pool images across 9 or 8 spectral channels in a single snapshot. The spectrum data from each pixel are numerically curve-fitted using a material emissivity model and Planck radiation. This approach enables the simultaneous determination of absolute temperature and emissivity with high precision. |
Manufacturer & Model | |
Photodiode | Thorlabs PDA100A2 |
Integrating Sphere | In-house PBF-LB/P print |
Highlight | |
Cost efficient reflection monitoring | |
High-speed measurement | |
In-situ process characterization | |
Key Features | |
Sphere diameter | 120 mm |
Measuring area | 10 x10 mm |
Monitored wavelength | 1070 nm |
Measurement frequency | 100 kHz |
Technical descriptionTo acquire the reflection signal, a custom integrating sphere captures a portion of the reflected laser radiation during the irradiation process. This sphere homogenizes the reflection by multiple internal reflections supported by the BaSO4 coating, before it is measured with a fiber-coupled diode sensor. In between the sphere and the photodiode, the laser wavelength of 1070 nm is isolated via a band-pass filter to avoid interference by other radiation sources, such as thermal radiation. The analogue diode signal is sampled at 100 kHz, filtered, and processed, which includes the reference toward the input power. Based on changes in the reflection signal, the changes in laser absorption can be deduced. |